Nancy Grace Augusta Wake AC, GM
Description
Nancy Wake, a prominent figure in the French Resistance during the Second World War, was born in Wellington, New Zealand, on 30 August 1912. Her family moved to Sydney, where she grew up, when Nancy was just 20 months old. She ran away from home at the age of 16 and found work as a nurse, but a windfall enabled her to leave Australia for Europe in 1932. Wake settled in Paris, working for the Hearst group of newspapers as a journalist.
As the 1930s progressed, the rise of German Fascism formed the basis of many of Wake's stories. In 1935 she visited Vienna and Berlin where the overt and violent anti-Semitism formed in her a desire to oppose Nazism. In November 1939 she married Henri Fiocca, a wealthy industrialist, in Marseilles. Six months later Germany invaded France. Wake and Fiocca joined the fledgling Resistance after France's surrender in 1940.
Her growing involvement in the Resistance saw Wake and her husband assisting in the escape of Allied servicemen and Jewish refugees from France into neutral Spain. Fearful of being captured she too fled Marseilles and, after several thwarted attempts and a brief period in prison, Wake escaped across the Pyrenees. In June 1943 she reached England where she began working in the French Section of the Special Operations Executive (SOE).
After a period of training, Wake returned to France in April 1944 to help organise the Resistance before D-Day. Working in the Auvergne region, Wake was engaged in organising parachute drops of arms and equipment, and after D-Day, was involved in combat with bodies of German troops sent to destroy the Maquis.
Upon liberation, Wake learned that her husband, Henri, had been killed by the Gestapo in August 1943. In September 1944 she left the Resistance and went to SOE Headquarters in Paris, and then to London in mid-October. After the war she was decorated by Britain, France and the United States but, being unable to adapt to life in post-war Europe, she returned to Australia in January 1949 aged 37. Shortly afterwards she ran for the Liberal Party against Labor's 'Doc' Evatt and, having been narrowly defeated, made a second attempt in 1951, again unsuccessfully.
Unsatisfied with life in Australia, Wake returned to England. In 1957 she married John Forward, an RAF officer. The couple returned to Australia in 1959. A third attempt to enter politics also failed and she and Forward ultimately retired to Port Macquarie where they lived until his death in 1997. In December 2001 she left Australia for England where she lived out her remaining years.
She received the George Medal, 1939-45 Star, France and Germany Star, Defence Medal, British War Medal 1939-45, French Officer of the Legion of Honour, French Croix de Guerre with Star and two Palms, US Medal for Freedom with Palm and French Medaille de la Resistance for her courageous endeavours. Wake's medals are on display in the Second World War gallery at the Australian War Memorial.
Details
First name/s
Nancy Grace Augusta
Last name
Wake
Alias names
The White Mouse
Date of Birth
30/08/1912
Place of Birth
Date returned to Australia
1957
Date of Death
07/08/2011
Place of Death
Conflicts
Places
Gazettes
Other references
- Biographical information The Oxford companion to Australian military history in 1995
Timeline
- 30/08/1912
- Wellington, New Zealand. Nancy spent most of her childhood in Australia.
- 1928
- Found work as a Nurse.
- 1932
- Travelled to Europe and settled in Paris, working as a journalist.
- 11/1939
- Wake married a French businessman, Henri Fiocca.
- 1940 - 1942
- Wake and Fiocca joined the French Resistance movement. Wake worked manning the dangerous escape routes through France helping to save the lives of many Allied troops and Jewish refugees. She was given her code name 'The White Mouse' by the Gestapo.
- 1943
- Wake became one of the Gestapo's most wanted resistance leaders and Wake was forced to flee France.
- 06/1943
- Wake arrived in England where after convincing the British Government to train her as a professional spy and she began work in the French Section of the Special Operations Executive.
- 08/1943
- Henri Fiocca was killed by the Gestapo, a fact Nancy did not discover until the liberation of france from the German invasion.
- 04/1944
- Wake and another member of the Special Operations Executive were parachuted into the Auvergne region in central France where they worked to distribute weapons among the resistance fighters in hiding in the mountains before D-Day.
- 09/1944
- Wake left the resistance and went to Special Operations Executive Headquarters in Paris.
- 10/1944
- Went to Special Operations Executive Headquarters in London.
- 17/07/1945
- Awarded George Medal (GM).
- 1949
- Wake later returned to England where she married John Forward a RAF officer.
- 1957
- Settled in Port Macquarie with her husband.
- 06/12/2001
- Returned to England where she plans to remain until her death.
- 22/02/2004
- Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).
- 07/08/2011
- Date of death
Related Objects
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